Malioboro Street Jogjakarta, the Longest Stores of Batik, Handycraft, Fashion, and so Many Unique Art Products

Jalan Malioboro (English: Malioboro Street) is a major shopping street in Yogyakarta, Indonesia; the name is also used more generally for the neighborhood around the street. It lies north-south axis in the line between Yogyakarta Kraton and Mount Merapi. This is in itself is significant to many of the local population, the north south orientation between the palace and the volcano being of importance.
The street is the centre of Yogyakarta's largest tourist district surrounded with many hotels and restaurants nearby. Sidewalks on both sides of the street are crowded with small stalls selling a variety of goods. In the evening several open-air streetside restaurants, called lesehan, operate along the street. Less obvious to the tourist, but more for the local population, side streets, lanes and structures that lead on to Malioboro are as important as the street itself.

Souvenirs Paradise

Enjoy the experience of shopping, souvenir hunting of Jogja, tourists can walk along the shoulder of the road which berkoridor (arcade). Here you will find many vendors that hold merchandise. Ranging from local handicrafts such as batik, rattan ornament, leather puppets, bamboo crafts (key chains, decorative lamps, etc.) also blangkon (hat typical Java / Yogyakarta) and silver goods, to merchants who sell a lot of knick knacks general found in other trading places. Throughout the arcade, tourists can shop in peace in a sunny or rainy conditions, also can enjoy a pleasant shopping experience at bargain prices. If lucky, can be reduced for a third or even half.

Do not forget to leave little energy. There is still a traditional market that should be visited. In the place known as Beringharjo market, in addition, tourists can find similar goods are sold along the arcade, this market provides a variety of traditional products is more complete. In addition to local products Jogja, neighboring areas are also available products such as batik or batik Pekalongan Solo. Looking for batik or batik print, or just looking for curtains decorating the windows with unique motifs and batik bed sheets beautiful. This place will satisfy your shopping desires unique items with a cheaper price.

Vredeburg and Great House

At the end of the road "bouquets" of this, tourists can stop briefly at Fort Vredeburg are dealing with the Great House. The fort was once a base of protection from possible attacks by troops Dutch Palace. As usual every fortress, a place built in this 1765 square-shaped high wall encircling the area inside the tower monitors at four penjurunya used as a patrol. From the south tower, YogYES enjoy views over the Sultan of Yogyakarta and several other historical buildings.

While the Great House which is located in front of it had been a place of residence of the Head of the Dutch Colonial Administration since 1946 to 1949. In addition, he became the Presidential Palace during Sukarno's presidency when the State Capital was moved to Yogyakarta.

Lesehan Malioboro

As the sun began to set, when the lights lit streets and shops began adding to the beauty of the atmosphere of Malioboro, one by one stall lesehan were held. Jogja typical food such as warm or pecel catfish can be enjoyed here in addition to oriental cuisine or sea food and cuisine of Padang. And entertainment hits or memorable songs by the street singer when dining.

For tourists who want to taste the cuisine along Malioboro street, ask for price list and make sure the seller, to avoid the rising prices are not fair.

Visiting Yogyakarta, known as "Living Museum Javanese Culture", was not complete without a stop at the road that has many historical stories of struggle to save the Indonesian nation and filled with various souvenirs. A paradise for lovers of history and souvenir hunters. enjoy it.

Location on the MAP

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Durian, the King of Fruit and is a Sought-After Red Durian

The durian (pronounced /ˈdjʊriən/) is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family[1][3] (although some taxonomists place Durio in a distinct family, Durionaceae). Widely known and revered in southeast Asia as the "king of fruits", the durian is distinctive for its large size, unique odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk. The fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red, depending on the species.
The edible flesh emits a distinctive odour, strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Some people regard the durian as fragrant; others find the aroma overpowering and offensive. The smell evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described variously as almonds, rotten onions, turpentine and gym socks. The odour has led to the fruit's banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in southeast Asia.
The durian, native to Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia, has been known to the Western world for about 600 years. The 19th-century British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace famously described its flesh as "a rich custard highly flavoured with almonds". The flesh can be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide variety of savoury and sweet edibles in Southeast Asian cuisines. The seeds can also be eaten when cooked.
There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of durian cultivars; many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.

RED DURIAN

Red Durian is an exotic durian fruit red as blood. Eating durian is not drunk because the alcohol content is relatively low. Red Durian (Durio graveolens) is widely available in Kutai district, living in forests, fields and the edge of the Mahakam river.
Red Durian this by the Dayak Kenyah called durian leaves. Perhaps due to the leaf width almost as wide as the palm of an adult hand. This plant likes the soil type silt (alluvial) to place its growth, with a height of 50-800 m above sea level.
Durian Durio graveolens Latin name has a characteristic red-colored flesh. Unlike the durian in general, smaller seeds and red durian flesh were thicker and sweeter. Alcohol levels were lower and more stinging fruit aroma. For size, the fruit is of medium size or slightly smaller than the other durian. Fruit skin color is no different from other durian fruit that is yellow. To monitor this way of life just like any other durian fruit that is grown in the tropics at an altitude of approximately 50 to 800 meters above sea level. But the time for red durian fruit is uncertain, not certain when this durian fruit. What is certain is red durian fruit only once a year.

Durian Benefits To Health

The disease can be alleviated by eating Durian. Hear durian that crossed my mind is a delicious fruit but evil as the super high fat content. But do not be afraid first, if not excessive durian eating can be just the medicine.

Durian's most lots contain carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Not only that, other substances such as fiber, calcium, folic acid, magnesium, zinc and iron are also present in it.

Because of the high calorie, durian fruit is hot so that patients with diabetes or pregnant women is not recommended to eat durian.

Just imagine that in 100 grams of durian contained 147 kcal. That means when a person eating 1 kg of durian, the number of calories she has received 1470 kcal or already comparable with meal portions for one day.

Durian also contains a lot of sugar even though there are biological manganese that can keep sugar levels stable. For pregnant women, durian is believed to no good because they contain lots of sugar and a little alcohol.

Although no studies that prove that the Durian triggers contractions and a miscarriage, pregnant women are always advised to not eat too much of this fruit.

Digestive disorders can also occur if the durian is consumed along with alcohol. Research at the University of Tsukuba, Japan and even proves sulfur content in durian can inhibit the metabolism of alcohol and can lead to death.

Well, that's all the dangers that exist on durian if you eat too much or be coupled with high-cholesterol foods such as meat or alcohol.

On the other hand, durian, dubbed as the 'king of fruits' is also a lot of benefits that not only obtained from the fruit but the skin and leaves are also useful. Durian skin could to repel mosquitoes and treat ringworm while the leaves are widely used as a decoction for fever.

But since not many people who eat durian leaves skin especially, benefit from the delicious durian flesh is certainly more readily available.

Quoted from Healthmad, Friday (12/11/2010), the following are some diseases that can be overcome by eating durian fruit which is not too much.

1. Overcoming constipation because many contain fiber
2. Overcoming anemia because it contains folate or vitamin B9 is needed to produce red blood cells
3. Maintaining healthy skin because it contains Vitamin C that act as antioxidants and antiaging
4. Contains lots of potassium or calcium, so good for bones and joints keseahtan
5. Origin does not eat too much, the content of manganese in the durian can keep blood sugar levels remain stable
6. Contain copper compounds that can maintain the health of the thyroid gland
7. Keeping appetite because many contain thiamine or Vitamin B1
8. Overcoming migraine because it contains the compound riboflavin or vitamin B2
9. Relieves stress and overcoming depression because it contains Vitamin B6 or pyridoxine
10. Maintaining oral health because they contain posphor.


But if you eat durian obtained even unpleasant body, try to check again how many durians that have been eaten and what to eat durian sparking friend not feeling well.

READ MORE - Durian, the King of Fruit and is a Sought-After Red Durian

Papua Inland Original, Red Fruit to Cure Various Diseases

Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus) is a specific characteristic or endemic plants which grow in the highlands of Papua Indonesia. Red fruit plant including tree plants like family with pandanus. However, plant height may reach 4 m high with its own branch-free trunk 1-2 m high that strengthened the roots Tunjang on the lower trunk. Form oval-shaped fruit covered with pandan leaves and fruit. Own red fruit length fruit reaches 55cm diameter reached 10-15 cm and weighs 2-3 kg, while mature fruit color maroon colored bright red.
Pandanus conoideus is a plant in the pandan family. Its fruit is eaten in Papua, Indonesia. Papuans call them kuansu. Indonesians call them buah merah ("red fruit"). The fruit is typically prepared by splitting it, wrapping it in leaves, and cooking it in an earth oven.
It grows in all Papua regions, especially in Jayawijaya mountain area (Wamena and Tolikara), Jayapura, Manokwari, Nabire, Timika, and Ayamaru Sorong. It is traditionally believed to be a good supplement as a skin and eye medicine, and as worm treatment.
There are around 30 cultivars of Red Fruit. But only four variants have high economy values among others such as merah panjang (long red), merah pendek (short red), cokelat (brown), and kuning (yellow). Red Fruit variants that is used as medicine is of merah panjang (long red). The size is around 100 cm in length, 18 cm in diameter length, and 7.5 kg in weight. The fruit has blunt edge and cylindrical shape.
Fruits of pandanus family have specific characteristics that distinguish them from other fruits such as their very concentrated red color, indicating that the fruits are rich in beta carotene.
Papua New Guineans call it marita fruit and make a red sauce out of it which they call marita sauce. Marita sauce is a ketchup-like substance which is used to flavor food.

The Content and Properties

The research on treatment efficacy of red fruit was first performed by university faculty researchers in Jayapura namely Drs. I Made Budi M.S. as a nutritionist and university lecturers had carefully observed the traditional habit of people in Wamena, Timika and villages of Jayawijaya mountainous areas that consume Red Fruit. Observations on the local community entities, more robust and high stamina, and daily life in traditional native-paced and open restricted in dressing in the harsh natural conditions and sometimes quite cold weather at altitude mountains. Physical Privileges population that is rarely affected by other degenerative diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and cancer.

By examining the content of nutritional composition, it was the intention of the Red Fruit juices contain lots of antioxidants (average content):

* Carotene (12,000 ppm)
* Beta-carotene (700 ppm)
* Tocopherol (11,000 ppm)

In addition to several other substances that increase endurance, among others: oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dekanoat, Omega 3 and Omega 9 which are all active compounds antidote to the formation of free radicals in the body.

Beta-carotene serves to slow the ongoing buildup of plaque in arteries. Thus blood flow to the heart and brain take place without obstruction. Interactions with proteins increase the production of antibodies. This increases the number of natural killer cells and increase T cell activity and lymphocyte Helpers. An excerpt studies prove beta-carotene consumption 30-60 mg / day for 2 months to make the body can reproduce natural cells exterminator disease. The increase in natural cells that suppress the presence of cancer cells because it can neutralize free radical compounds carcinogens cause cancer.

In some limited research conducted by I Made Budi direct treatment methods with Red Fruit, researchers revealed a very high success in treatment efforts carried out against several diseases.

Which diseases can be cured by the proven efficacy of red fruit? The following are some of them
1. AIDS
Although the experts have many years of trying to make a cure for AIDS remains the cure is not found. Perhaps you yourself feeling insecure about the efficacy of red fruit on this one. But the efficacy of red fruit has been proven to cure AIDS. One is freed from the clutches of a death from AIDS is Agustina Sawery.

Agustina Sawery had dropped his weight from 50 kg to 27 kg. He had anal infection, impaired liver function, mouth bercendawan and lung infections. Agustina seemingly just waiting for the hour of his death. So he came to the Drs I Made Budi MS.Saat it Made is well known in Papua because often treat diseases such as cancer with an extract of red fruit. Then Agustina given red fruit extract taken three times daily.

Since the consumption of red fruit situation began to improve. Weight that had dropped to a 27 kg began to increase to 46 kg. Her skin is all busik be smooth again. Her hair was falling out began to grow again. Agustina become much fitter.

It is reported that the ability to cure AIDS red fruit is due to the red fruit containing tocopherol and beta-carotene are very high. Both content serves as an antioxidant and may enhance the immune system. Tocopherol and beta-carotene eventually combine to break down the amino acids needed by the virus that causes AIDS, HIV, so the virus can not establish his life.

2. Cancer and Tumors
Other efficacy of red fruit is the treating of cancer and tumors. Cancer and tumors without a doubt is one of the biggest causes of death. What is caused by cancer and the tumor? The disease is caused by hormones in the body that causes the growth of meat in the normal tissues.

Red fruit can cure cancer because of its tokoferol very high, reaching 11,000 ppm and 7000 ppm betakaroten achieve. Both compounds act as antioxidants and enhance immune system and prevent the propagation of cancer cells.

3. Stroke and Blood Pressure
Stroke is caused by a blood clot and the constriction of blood vessels. One cause of this disease are high blood pressure. High blood pressure causes blood clots so that blood vessels constrict, resulting in reduced blood supply. Moreover, blood vessels can rupture. This disease, if not fatal, can cause paralysis of the limbs.

High blood pressure itself caused by the heart that pumps blood too fast. This is one of them due to lack of oxygen or oxygen the blood is too thick.

Red fruit contains tocopherols which can thin the blood and improving blood circulation so that the content of oxygen in the blood became normal.

4. Uric Acid
Gout is caused by disruption of liver function so that the liver produces excess uric acid. Finally uric acid deposited in the kidneys to stone and taken to the ends of fingers and toes and collect there.

Tocopherol in red fruit thin the blood and improve the work system from liver. Working system of the liver, after repair, to produce normal levels of uric acid.

5. Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes)
The disease is caused by the pancreas gland is unable to produce insulin in sufficient quantities. As a result, the content of sugar in the blood increases.

The content of tocopherol in red fruit repair work of the pancreas so that the function of the pancreas to be normal again.

6. Osteoporosis
Caused by bone loss, osteoporosis caused by calcium deficiency. This disease generally attacks those who are aged dusk.

Red fruit is rich in calcium so as to prevent and treat osteoporosis. In 100 grams of fresh red fruit contained 54,000 milligrams of calcium.

7. Eye Disorders
High content of beta-carotene in red fruit can overcome many types of eye diseases caused by deficiency of vitamin A. Beta-carotene is absorbed by the body and is processed into vitamin A.

8. Improve Intelligence
The content of omega 3 and omega 9 in red fruit can stimulate the brain works and enhance intelligence. Therefore, red fruit suitable for consumption by children.

9. Increase Passion and Fertility
Red fruit, according to those who consume them, can help increase male sexual arousal. Effect of treatment varies, there is a reaction after 15 minutes of drinking, there also after one or two hours of drinking.

Vitamin E in the red fruit helps increase sperm production. In addition, red fruit containing high energy, that is 400 kilo calories.

READ MORE - Papua Inland Original, Red Fruit to Cure Various Diseases

Development Planning Procedures for Public Toilets (Bathing, Washing, Toilet)

Indonesian National Standards
SNI 03-2399-2002
(REVISED SNI 03-2399-1991)

SCOPE:
This ordinance covers, the requirements that apply to indoor toilet facilities are located in dense residential location, with maximum usage load 200 people.

SUMMARY:
The procedure is intended as a guide for planners and implementers in building public toilets. Public toilets are public facilities that is shared by several families for bathing, washing and toilet location of settlements with a population with moderate to high density (300-500 persons / ha).
General requirements Toilets divided into 3 (three), namely: a. Public toilets development plan (location, number of users, clean water system, waste water disposal systems); b. ability of facilities management; c. Water management of waste from toilets and public toilets should be treated before disposal so as not to pollute water, air and land in settlements.
For the capacity of services, all in one room can accommodate a service at the time (hours) and number of the busiest room in every single unit restroom for a certain number of users listed in the table and sample layouts toilets can be seen in the images in this ordinance. Building Materials for public toilets, the material can be used are: local building materials; ease of providers of building materials, easy to implement, can be accepted by the user community. Alternative use of building materials for building latrines can be selected from tabil 2, in this ordinance. Terms bathroom includes floor area of at least 1.2 m2 (1.0 mx 1.2 m) and made no slippery slope toward the hole with the disposal of approximately 1%.; Door, size: width 0.6 to 0.8 and at least 1.6 m. high; bath / shower water container vessel equipped to scoop. Facility washrooms, minimum floor area of 2.40 m2 (1.20 m x 2.0 m) and made no slippery slope toward the hole where the disposal of approximately 1%; Places crush clothing made by squatting or standing, high-place crush clothing by standing 0.75 m above the floor with at least size 0.60 m x 0.80 m.

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One Leather Shopping Tour in Central Java, Indonesia

Government Batang, Central Java, Indonesia would develop cow leather carving craft as one of his populist economic-based businesses in the area.
Cattle leather craft center is located in the village of Masin, District Warungasem Batang, Central Java, Indonesia.
The resulting product of the artisans village of Masin, such as belts, slippers, hats, wallets, bags, and jackets.
the products produced by each house in a village. visit and enjoy it.

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The Importance Of Toilets To Public Health

A toilet is a plumbing fixture primarily intended for the disposal of human excreta: urine and fecal matter. Additionally, vomit and menstrual waste are sometimes disposed of in toilets in some societies. The word toilet describes the fixture and, especially in British English, the room containing the fixture. In American English, the latter is euphemistically called a restroom or bathroom. The latter term often describes a room that also contains a bath tub. A room with only a toilet and a sink is sometimes called a half-bathroom, a half bath, or a powder room.

Case in Indonesia
Amid the environmental conditions of dense population, most of the citizens of District west Pademangan, Jakarta still need a public toilet facilities. Because of the 11,959 houses, only 2111 homes already equipped with toilets. Means there are 9848 homes whose residents still rely on public toilets for more than shitting.

Seeing such high demand for public toilets in west Pademangan Village, Mercy Corp. will launch a Community Based Sanitation Program in dense areas and the slums. Pademangan is one of the main pilot project Mercy Corp in this community-based sanitation programs. The first step, Mercy Corp. will build a public toilet in the RW 010 units west Pademangan immediately.

Regarding the poor sanitary conditions of citizens, explained Lurah Pademangan west, Purnomo. He explained, the current population reached 620,902 people with an area of only 353.35 hectares. Means every one square kilometer there are 17,571 inhabitants. "They are scattered in 16 neighborhood (RW)," he told beritajakarta.com, Thursday (6 / 8).

Malang, East Java

The river was still widely used by citizens of Malang for the purposes of bathing, washing and toilet (MCK). Unhealthy living habits are still hard to change because people have become habit for generations. Based on the study Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) or Environmental Health Risk assessments are carried out Bapeko Malang, the habit of MCK in scattered communities in various villages.
15 percent of 57 villages in the city this education, there is still a habit of MCK in rivers and streams. "15 percent of the municipality that uses a public toilet in the river was spread in five districts," explains Head of City Planning, Bapeko, Erik S. Santoso. Among them, in Kedungkandang, Lowokwaru and Buring. This phenomenon also occurs in other regions such as West Malang region.

Erik explained, since there were toilet habits in the river, the question of sanitation is still a serious concern. In addition to the availability of healthy sanitation, clean lifestyle community still needs to be improved. "Based on research, community practice it because it was hereditary. So far there are still people who use the toilets in the river, "said Erik.

In Kedungkandang, some residents claimed to have been accustomed since childhood to use rivers as toilets. A number of residents who met to admit not used in the doctor's health check, but they feel healthy. "So far healthier. No illness. Pollute the environment if I am not sure, because most people still frequent bathing and washing in the river, "said Sunarti, one resident Kedungkandang.

In fact, the habit of using the river for bathing, washing clothes and utensils and toilet, will cause various diseases, especially skin diseases

Solution
Public toilets
Public toilets, public lavatories, or public conveniences are toilets that are accessible to the general public with common access from the street. Conveniences being the collective term for male and female designated toilets, convenience (singular) usually acquiring a gender attribute.

By the Goverment
"The availability of toilets is actually purely personal responsibility of each citizen, not the government. Still, West Bandung regency join the development program to prepare public toilets, as a form of government services to citizens. the cost of each toilet at 15 million rupiah / unit," said Head Environment Housing Infrastructure Sector Department of Work and Spatial Notices, Dani Prianto Hadi in Cipongkor, Sunday (18 / 7).
He said that development assistance for a toilet which was rolled out West Bandung regency, used as a stimulant for the community to build their own toilets. Communities should be made aware how important toilets. The existence of good public toilet is very influential on environmental health.

READ MORE - The Importance Of Toilets To Public Health

Relationship between shopping and health

Shopping creates a sense of fun that can improve health. Shopping is the examining of goods or services from retailers with the intent to purchase at that time. Shopping is an activity of selection and/or purchase. In some contexts it is considered a leisure activity as well as an economic one.

Shopping is fun for the average person. Lots of pleasant feeling to be gained from there, ranging from praise to be received when our friends see us using these items, have fun new stuff, and a feeling of power

Previous studies had revealed the benefits of laughter to decrease cholesterol levels and blood pressure, now there is another study that found the efficacy of a smile.

From the results of the study was drawn so closely the relationship between body with the mind. It was seen if the mind is always influenced by negative things, then the body is believed to not be able to work optimally.

According to researchers from Columbia University, that the simple effective way for the body to work optimally is to smile.

Amazingly, even when you are reluctant to smile, the smile that was already happening in the body. In his study which looked at the relationship between feelings of pleasure with heart health, the research team found that pretend to smile or try to keep happy will keep your cardiovascular system healthy.

There is also Dr. Karina Davidson and colleagues from Columbia University Medical Center to measure the level of happiness a person, who later was associated with age, smoking habits, sex of each study participant. As a result, those with higher happiness scale seems to have a smaller potential for heart disease.

So for those of you who are familiar arrogant and grumpy in the routine, start now leave the habit, scatter smile and work in a happy mood.

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Whether the Slums Around Us, Would We Care

A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security. According to the United Nations, the percentage of urban dwellers living in slums decreased from 47 percent to 37 percent in the developing world between 1990 and 2005. However, due to rising population, and the rise especially in urban populations, the number of slum dwellers is rising. One billion people worldwide live in slums and the figure will likely grow to 2 billion by 2030.
The term has traditionally referred to housing areas that were once relatively affluent but which deteriorated as the original dwellers moved on to newer and better parts of the city, but has come to include the vast informal settlements found in cities in the developing world.
Many shack dwellers vigorously oppose the description of their communities as 'slums' arguing that this results in them being pathologised and then, often, subject to threats of evictions. Many academics have vigorously criticized UN-Habitat and the World Bank arguing that their 'Cities Without Slums' Campaign has led directly to a massive increase in forced evictions.
Although their characteristics vary between geographic regions, they are usually inhabited by the very poor or socially disadvantaged. Slum buildings vary from simple shacks to permanent and well-maintained structures. Most slums lack clean water, electricity, sanitation and other basic services

Rain, increase disease in slums
Kampala — DISEASE outbreaks in Kampala's largest slums of Kalerwe and Bwaise are expected to increase as heavy rains caused by climate change become more frequent.
Over the years, global climate has been changing, leading to disruption of weather patterns. It is predicted that temperatures in Uganda will increase further, causing shorter but heavier rain periods.

in the Kibera
Kibera is a slum area outside Nairobi, Kenya and is the same size as New York City's Central Park, about 1.5 square miles. At over 1 million people, the population density is 30 times that of New York City, and Kibera does not have multi-level housing. Most people living in Kibera have little or no access to basic neccessities, such as electricity, clean water, toilet facility and sewage disposal. The combination of poor nutrition and lack of sanitation accounts for many illnesses and deaths. Because of the lack of toilet facilities (1 for every 500-1000 people), two in three residents must use a "flying toilet" to defecate.
There are also over 50,000 AIDS orphans surviving in Kibera, often cared for by grandparents, over crowded orphanages, or completely unattended. For these and all children in Kibera, schooling is rare and dependant on the ebb and flow of family finances, trapping them in a cycle of poverty.

How lack of toilets, clean water, and drainages affect the community:
Diseases such as malaria, cholera, and typhoid afflict large proportions of Kibera residents, preventing them from working, taking care of themselves and their family, and often result in death. These diseases are caused by a lack of sanitation facilities in the slum, and spread these diseases along a combination of vectors. The following issues most prominently contribute to the spread of these diseases.

Lack of toilet facilities and clean water:
Cholera and Typhoid cases in Kibera are a direct result of a lack of safe toilet facilities. Both Cholera and Typhoid are transmitted through ingestion of feces contaminated with the bacterium. The contamination usually occurs when untreated sewage is released into waterways or into groundwater, affecting the water supply, any foods washed in the water. Both Cholera and Typhoid are very debhilitating, and can last for weeks at a time, and without treatment cause death in between 10 - 50% of infected persons.

How does a lack of safe toilet facilities spread these diseases?
Without access to safe toilet facilities, many Kibera residents are forced to use public areas, most often drainage routes, to relieve themselves. These drainage waste channels are unprotected and it is common for people, especially children, to come in contact with the waste as it travels out of the slum. Once a person has come in contact with the Cholera or Typhoid infected waste, it is unlikely they will be able to wash their hands with clean water before cooking or eating, and therefore the bacteria spreads into their body, and the cycle begins again.

How does a lack of clean water spread these diseases?
As residents of Kibera live in structures without any plumbing facilities, clean water must be accessed from pre-filled water tanks (AKA water points), which are often controlled by landlords, and expensive for residents to use. Since clean water is difficult to obtain, residents are often unable to wash their hands before preparing food or doing other things that can cause diseases to enter their bodies. Also, water from contaminated water sources is sometimes used for cooking or cleaning, and this also spreads disease. A lack of clean water is the second step in the waste-borne diseases problem in Kibera.

The Problem of Slums: Jakarta, Indonesia
Every major city throughout the world has slums, places where the poor people gather to live, Jakarta has many areas and solving the problem without creating American-style ghettos is fast becoming a headache for administrators.
Brilliant JP journalist Anissa S. Febrina explores the problem faced by Jakarta’s administration.

Jakarta looks at the problem of slums
Just across from fancy, Mediterranean-style shop houses in South Jakarta stands a kampong where food vendor Djamhani’s family of five live cramped together in a 6-square-meter room.
Such conditions are so common in Jakarta that people frequently forget the poor living conditions experienced by the 5.4 million people who live in the city’s kampongs and slums.
Saying that Jakarta administration has done nothing to help them is not entirely correct, as a number of kampong improvement projects have been undertaken over the last few years.
But, the rapid growth of the city’s slums has clearly outpaced the administration’s efforts.
Starting next year, the Jakarta administration plans to build more than 13,000 low-cost apartments, in addition to the 20,000 units that have been constructed to date.
Some 3,780 of the new apartments will be built in Marunda, North Jakarta, 1,700 in Rawa Bebek subdistrict, East Jakarta, 2,000 in Semanan, West Jakarta, and another 6,400 in Kedoya, also in West Jakarta.
But, experience teaches us that relocating people from the slums is not an easy task, partly because kampong people are not accustomed to high-rise living - at least not yet.
However, there are many other steps that the administration could take to resolve the Jakarta slum problem.
The State Ministry for Public Housing has been mulling the idea of upgrading the slums through financing support schemes and legalizing the land ownership of the slum dwellers, whom the administration often labels squatters.
A report from the Jakarta Provincial Development Board revealed that around 70 percent of the residences in the city are self-built, of which some 50 percent - those in the slums - are unfit for human habitation.
According to Yusuf Yuniarto, the assistant deputy to the state minister, this was the result of lack of money, lack of access to resources and lack of knowledge about how to build habitable dwellings.
Furthermore, squatters, who mostly work in the informal sector, lack access to formal funding sources.
In the light of these problems, the state ministry has highlighted the need to upscale a microfinance project that was first tried out in Central Java.
The universities could contribute by educating people about proper construction techniques, grassroots institutions, like the mosque-based Baaitul Maal, could help channel the money, while private-sector firms could orientate their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs toward provide proper housing for the poor.
Successful kampong upgrading programs initiated by a number of non-governmental organizations can be seen in North Jakarta’s Kampung Muara.
The pigeon-hole houses there look brighter as each homeowner strives to keep the kampong clean and green.
The lack of available space for new housing could also be overcome by indentifying land donated for religious purposes, known locally as tanah wakaf, which has not yet been developed.
While such land is normally used to build mosques or cemeteries, urban planners argue that it should also be used for housing as this is more pressing.
While relocating squatters into blocks of low-cost apartments runs the risk of creating ghettos, letting the poor upgrade their living conditions will allow more room for gradual change.

READ MORE - Whether the Slums Around Us, Would We Care

Dieng Plateau "Abode of the Gods"

Dieng Plateu, is a marshy plateau that forms the floor of a caldera complex on the Dieng active volcano complex near Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. Referred to as "Dieng" by Indonesians, it sits at 2,000m above sea level far from major population centres. The name "Dieng" comes from Di Hyang which means "Abode of the Gods".
Dieng is an active volcanic area and it can be said is a giant volcano. Crater craters are often found there. The average altitude is about 2,000 m. above sea level. Dieng cool temperatures in winter approached, ranging from 15-20 ° C in the daytime and 10 ° C at night. In the dry season (July and August), air temperature can sometimes reach 0 ° C in the morning and bring frost by the locals who called the poison bun ("dew poison") because it causes damage to agricultural crops.
Part of General Sudirman's guerilla campaign during Indonesian War of Independence took place in the area.

Temples

The Plateau is the location eight small Hindu temples. Built around 750 CE, they are the oldest known standing stone structures in Java. They are originally thought to have numbered 400 but only 8 remain.
Dieng's misty location almost 2000 m above sea level, its poisonous effusions and sulphur-coloured lakes make it a particularly auspicious place for religious tribute. The temples are small shrines built as monuments to the god-ancestors and dedicated to Shiva. The Hindu shrines are miniature cosmic mountains based on plans in Indian religious texts, although the design motifs that have little connection to India. The earliest architectural usage of the Javanese demonic masks and marine monsters are exhibited along the niches and doorways of the remaining structures. The Dieng structures were small and relatively plain, but stone architecture developed substantially in only a matter of decades resulting in masterpieces such as the Prambanan complex and Borobudur.

Geology
Dieng Plateau is a plateau with volcanic activity below the surface, such as Yellowstone or the Tengger Highlands. Indeed he is a caldera in the surrounding mountains as the edges. There are many craters as the discharge gas, water vapor and various other volcanic material. The situation is very dangerous for the people who inhabit the region, as evidenced by the catastrophic gas explosion crater Sinila 1979. Not only poison gas, but also to possible earthquakes, mud eruptions, landslides and floods.

Apart from the crater, there are also volcanic lakes that contain water mixed with sulfur and thus have distinctive yellow-green color.

In biology, volcanic activity at Dieng interesting because it is found in hot waters near the crater of some species of thermophilic bacteria ("like it hot") that can be used to expose early life on Earth.

Upstream or upland area is an important area as a place of sanitation or conservation of water sources that can be maintained through absorption forest fertile springs, a huge benefit and can be used by residents sekiitar until the existing population in the downstream (low land), not even utilize only a human being but a lush forest conditions useful for biotic life and other creatures.

Wonosobo and Banjarnegara is an area which many found even mountainous plateau in this case the objective observation of various circles, because Dieng is one of the springs to the Serayu river by the people of Wonosobo used as a source of livelihood, therefore considering the condition of forest Dieng plateau around the experience of extinction, then step jungle captivity until the rehabilitation phase as a water catchment area should be seriously pursued and preserved by the community.

The second background Natural revitalization measures in the vicinity of the Dieng plateau, given the levels of Hydrogen (Water), which is polluted by chemical substances that endanger the rest of the drugs used by farmers, it is once again very important in stressing that the benefits of forests can menseterilkan and maintain levels of Hydrogen for not contaminated by hazardous substances that once brought by drug growers. As a description of the simulation of forest plant roots to absorb and hold rainwater and release the results of sweat through the roots of forest plants so that soil conditions remain setabil. Conversely if there is no forest plants that hold rainwater then the soil food juices that are beneficial to the farmers will carry over water flowing down that could result in flooding and landslides, because soil conditions are very unstable.

The minimal level of public awareness, it makes the operation of the weak side, it is not uncommon to lose a lot of timber forests (illegal logging), the level of low public awareness about forest Wonosobo, knowledge about the benefits hutanpun little is know about it, but a lot of benefit from forest (starting from a place of recreation, cultivation of rare flora and fauna, as well as other benefits as raw material for the needs of local communities), and a lot of forest land eroded by agriculture. at least indirectly from one plant forest tree means saving a human life until the future.

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Education and Tea Walk in Pagilaran

The Pagilaran highland tea plantation landscape with mount Dieng as background – Central Java. This plantation established at 1942 by the British government and was handed back to Indonesia in 1949. Today Pagilaran has 1,100 Ha tea plantation.
pagilaran is a tea garden which is very fascinating scenery. The scene began to be seen when entering the tea garden areas pagilaran. Expanse of the tea plant closing slope north of Dieng Plateau

Pagilaran inadvertently designed into agro-tourism has several advantages that foreign tourist demand and the archipelago of Nusantara. Surrounding natural scenery is exotic with a dazzling expanse of tea plantation in the north of Dieng Mountains.

With a temperature of 15-18 degrees Celsius at night, and 21-25 degrees Celsius in the daytime. Naturally, if the environment to be healthy, natural, fresh, and away from the noise and pollution from motor vehicles. Each visitor will feel the cool air of calm the mind and thoughts.

Tea factory in the location of the garden itself is also an attraction for visitors can see the process of making tea, ranging from picking, processing to packing in the factory. "The object of this tour could become a means of learning for anyone who wants a close look at the tea industry, from upstream to downstream," said Ir. Supriyono.



In Pagilaran various facilities can also be obtained visitors, began lodging that can accommodate 130 people 8 locations lodging, sport facilities, camping arena, children's playground, viewing post, and the kitchen cooking. To take visitors around the gardens, the manager also provides a means of transportation and local guides.

Not The Only Tea Walk Gardens

Apart from tourist roads in the tea garden, visitors can also participate in various package tours offered by managers such as educational tours, factory tours to see the procesing tea, hiking, treking, and other sebagainnya. In fact, the manager also provides special interest tourism arena in the form of a scientific visit of the tea plant.

In addition there are several supporting objects such as Curung Binorong and Curung Twins, clove stretch along the slopes of the mountains, heritage objects such as houses relics of the Netherlands, coupling, cable car, and tub Sijegang.

Pagilaran can be reached by public transportation from Batang City, with the route Bandar - Blado - Pagilaran. As for private vehicles and special vehicles (exp. tour group), this object can be reached via several routes.

When the vehicle departs from Yogyakarta, then it could be through Temanggung City who need about 3.5 hours travel time. While the vehicle can pass through Sukorejo of Semarang, Kendal, which only takes about 2.5 hours. While the vehicle from the direction of Solo takes about 4.5 hours.

Rising Sun and sunset in Kayulandak

Small Part of the greatness of the Divine in Pagilaran can be enjoyed from start sunrise to sunset. To view the exquisite atmosphere at sunrise for visitors who stay must be willing to get up early (4:00), because to be able to watch most suitable place is at the highest peak in the location of Kayulandak.

To reach “Kayulandak” takes between 30 minutes to 90 minutes. 30 minutes for the drive and 1 hour 30 minutes on foot. To route the way to the “Kayulandak”s can cross the main road used for vehicle manufacturers to mengankut tea after they are picked or through the usual path through the tea pickers.

Especially for the car can not cross the street tea pickers being too narrow. The road leading to the tea garden for only one car so if you want to drive to the top of it, if met by car manufacturers must be willing to kind of trucks in and backwards looking for more space to give car manufacturers the opportunity pass.

Across the cobblestone roads by driving a sharp bend, steep rise and fall will be found and for the adventurous owner of this location is very suitable as a gym. But for those who just simply refreshing new experience will not be forgotten.

To reach Wood Urchin with various road conditions, the types of offroad vehicles is highly recommended as ATV, dirt bike, mountain bike (perfect for crossing the roads at the tea plantation tea pickers or through street) and a small off-road car.

All tired tired after driving and walking to the summit of Timber Hedgehogs will be paid by the stunning beauty of the earth when the sun greets the highest peak of Central Java Province. At the same pentet birds, finches and other insects shouted to each other welcoming the morning.

For visitors who do not stay at this location or who come during the day, after doing tiwok, do not rush to go home. Attractions other than the divine nature can be witnessed in the same place. If in the morning can not watch the sun rise, at this peak also in the evening sun going down keperaduan can be witnessed. Complete travel tours in Pagilaran, try to come and enjoy it.

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Mystical Herbal "Galangal"

Galangal (galanga, blue ginger, laos) is a rhizome of plants of the genera Alpinia or Kaempferia in the ginger family Zingiberaceae, with culinary and medicinal uses originated from Indonesia. (Lao: ຂ່າ "kha"; Thai: ข่า "kha"; Malay: lengkuas (Alpinia galanga); traditional Mandarin: 南薑 or 高良薑; simplified Mandarin: 南姜 or 高良姜; Cantonese: lam keong, 藍薑; Vietnamese: riềng).
It is used in various Asian cuisines (for example in Thai tom yum soups and tom kha gai, Vietnamese Huế cuisine (tre) and throughout Indonesian cuisine, for example, in soto). Though it is related to and resembles ginger, there is little similarity in taste.
Laos or galangal (Alpinia galanga) is a popular spice in traditional cuisine and traditional treatment of Indonesian and other Southeast Asian regions. The part used is the rhizome its distinctive aroma.
Utilization galangal rhizome usually with a bruise and then dipped into the mixture just cuisine.

In its raw form, galangal has a citrusy, piney, earthy aroma, with hints of cedar and soap (saponins) in the flavor; its flavor is a complement to its relative ginger, but galangal has little of the peppery heat that raw ginger has. It is available as a whole rhizome, cut or powdered. The whole fresh rhizome is very hard, and slicing it requires a sharp knife. A mixture of galangal and lime juice is used as a tonic in parts of Southeast Asia. It is said to have the effect of an aphrodisiac, and acts as a stimulant, and has been said to cause mild hallucinations. In the Indonesian language, greater galangal is called lengkuas or laos and lesser galangal is called kencur. It is also known as galanggal, and somewhat confusingly galingale, which is also the name for several plants of the unrelated Cyperus genus of sedges (also with aromatic rhizomes). In Thai language, greater galangal is called "ข่า" (kha) or "ข่าใหญ่" (kha yai), while lesser galangal is called "ข่าตาแดง" (kha ta daeng).
The word galangal, or its variant galanga, in common usage can refer to four plant species all in the Zingiberaceae (ginger family):
• Alpinia galanga or greater galangal
• Alpinia officinarum or lesser galangal
• Kaempferia galanga, also called kencur, aromatic ginger or sand ginger
• Boesenbergia pandurata, also called Chinese ginger or fingerroot
Alpinia galanga is also known as chewing John, little John chew and galanga root. It is used in African-American folk medicine and hoodoo folk magic. Polish vodka Zoladkowa Gorzka is flavoured with galanga.
The rhizome of Alpinia galanga has shown antimalarial activity in mice.

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Natural Antibiotics "Betel Leaf"

The Betel (Piper betle) is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which includes pepper and Kava. It is valued both as a mild stimulant and for its medicinal properties.
The betel plant is an evergreen and perennial creeper, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkin. The betel plant originated from South and South East Asia (India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka)

Vernacular names
The betel leaf is known as Paan in Assamese/Urdu/Hindi/Odia/Bengali, and Tambula and Nagavalli in Sanskrit. Some of the names in the regions in which it is consumed are: Vetrilai (Tamil),Tamalapaku (Telugu), Vidyache pan (Marathi), veeleyada yele (Kannada), Vettila (Malayalam), Plū (Mon), Malus (Tetum), Maluu (Khmer), Maak (Thai: หมากสง), Bulath (Sinhalese), Malu (Tokodede), Bileiy (Divehi), bulung samat (Kapampangan), daun sirih (Malay/Indonesia), Papulu (Chamorro), Ikmo (Philippines) and Trầu (Vietnamese).

Cultivation
The betel leaf is cultivated in most of South and Southeast Asia. Since it is a creeper, it needs a compatible tree or a long pole for support. Betel requires high land and especially fertile soil. Waterlogged, saline and alkali soils are unsuitable for its cultivation.
In Bangladesh, farmers called barui prepare a garden called a barouj in which to grow betel. The barouj is fenced with bamboo sticks and coconut leaves. The soil is plowed into furrows of 10 to 15 meters' length, 75 centimeters in width and 75 centimeters' depth. Oil cakes, manure, and leaves are thoroughly incorporated with the topsoil of the furrows and wood ash. The creeper cuttings are planted after proper dressing in the months of May and June, at the beginning of the monsoon season. The plants are neatly arranged in parallel rows about two feet apart, and the saplings are twined around upright sticks of split bamboo and reeds.
Proper shade and irrigation are essential for the successful cultivation of this crop. The plants are regularly watered in the hot months. The leaves of the plant become ready for plucking after one year of growth and the production of the barouj lasts for several years from the date of planting. Betel needs constantly moist soil, but there should not be excessive moisture. Irrigation is frequent and light, and standing water should not remain for more than half an hour.
Dried leaves and wood ash are applied to the furrows at fortnightly intervals and cow dung slurry is sprinkled. Application of different kinds of leaves at monthly intervals is believed advantageous for the growth of the betel.
In 3 to 6 months the vines reach 150 to 180 centimeters in height and they will branch. Harvest begins, with the farmer plucking the leaf and its petiole with his right thumb. The harvest lasts 15 days to one month.
The harvested leaves are used both for domestic consumption and for export to other parts of Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the United States. Betel is an important part of the economy in rural Bangladesh.
Varieties include 'Magadhi' from Bihar in India, and 'Venmony Vettila' from Kerala.

Compounds
The active ingredients of betel oil, which is obtained from the leaves, are primarily a class of allylbenzene. Though particular emphasis has been placed on chavibetol (betel-phenol; 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyallylbenzene), it also contains chavicol (p-allyl-phenol; 4-allyl-phenol), estragole (p-allyl-anisole; 4-methoxy-allylbenzene), eugenol (allylguaiacol; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-allylbenzene; 2-methoxy-4-allyl-phenol), methyl eugenol (eugenol methyl ether; 3,4-dimethoxy-allylbenzene), and hydroxycatechol (2,4-dihydroxy-allylbenzene).
Several terpenes and terpenoids are present in the betel oil as well. There are two monoterpenes, p-cymene and terpinene, and two monoterpenoids, eucalyptol and carvacrol. Additionally, there are two sesquiterpenes, cadinene and caryophyllene.

The characteristics of stem, leaf and flower / fruit
These vines can reach a height of 15 m. Betel stem greenish brown, round, segmented and is the root of the discharge. Single leaves are heart-shaped, pointed, growing alternately, stemmed, and the savory odor when crushed. Length about 5-8 cm and width 2-5 cm. Its flower-shaped bead of compound and there is a protective leaf ± 1 mm elliptical. In the male grain length of about 1.5 - 3 cm and contained two short stamens being on female grain length of about 1.5 - 6 cm where there is the stigma of three to five pieces of white and yellowish green. The fruit is round-shaped fruit buni grayish green. Roots riding, round and golden brown.

Medicinal properties
In India, betel is used to cure worms. According to traditional Ayurvedic medicine, chewing areca nut and betel leaf is a remedy for bad breath. They are also said to have aphrodisiac properties.
In Malaysia they are used to treat headaches, arthritis and joint pain. In the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and China they are used to relieve toothache. In the Philippines, they are used specifically as a stimulant and was believed to strengthen the teeth and gums. In Indonesia they are drunk as an infusion and used as an antibiotic. They are also used in an infusion to cure indigestion, as a topical cure for constipation, as a decongestant and as an aid to lactation. In Indonesia, betel is also used to cure nosebleeds. Many Indonesian women use the leaves in bath water after giving birth to shrink vaginal canal. It also counters unpleasant smells. The Indonesian government has endorsed betel leaves (daun sirih) as a natural medication against vaginal discharge.
A related plant P. sarmentosum, which is used in cooking, is sometimes called "wild betel leaf".

READ MORE - Natural Antibiotics "Betel Leaf"

"Ginger" The Warm Herbal

Ginger is the rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale, consumed whole as a delicacy, medicine, or spice. It lends its name to its genus and family (Zingiberaceae). Other notable members of this plant family are turmeric, cardamom, and galangal.
Ginger cultivation began in South Asia and has since spread to East Africa and the Caribbean. It is sometimes called root ginger to distinguish it from other things that share the name ginger.

Etymology
The English name ginger comes from French: gingembre, Old English: gingifere, Medieval Latin: ginginer, Greek: zingiberis (ζιγγίβερις). Ultimately the origin is from Tamil: inji ver (இஞ்சி வேர்). The botanical term for root in Tamil is ver (வேர்), hence inji root or inji ver.

Chemistry
The characteristic odor and flavor of ginger is caused by a mixture of zingerone, shogaols and gingerols, volatile oils that compose one to three percent of the weight of fresh ginger. In laboratory animals, the gingerrols increase the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and have analgesic, sedative, antipyretic and antibacterial properties. Ginger oil has been shown to prevent skin cancer in mice and a study at the University of Michigan demonstrated that gingerols can kill ovarian cancer cells. [6]-gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) is the major pungent principle of ginger. The chemopreventive potentials of [6]-gingerol present a promising future alternative to expensive and toxic therapeutic agents.
Ginger contains up to three percent of a fragrant essential oil whose main constituents are sesquiterpenoids, with (-)-zingiberene as the main component. Smaller amounts of other sesquiterpenoids (β-sesquiphellandrene, bisabolene and farnesene) and a small monoterpenoid fraction (β-phelladrene, cineol, and citral) have also been identified.
The pungent taste of ginger is due to nonvolatile phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, particularly gingerols and shogaols, which form from gingerols when ginger is dried or cooked. Zingerone is also produced from gingerols during this process; this compound is less pungent and has a spicy-sweet aroma.[10] Ginger is also a minor chemical irritant, and because of this was used as a horse suppository by pre-World War I mounted regiments for feaguing.
Ginger has a sialagogue action, stimulating the production of saliva, which makes swallowing easier.

USES
Culinary use
Young ginger rhizomes are juicy and fleshy with a very mild taste. They are often pickled in vinegar or sherry as a snack or just cooked as an ingredient in many dishes. They can also be steeped in boiling water to make ginger tea, to which honey is often added; sliced orange or lemon fruit may also be added. Ginger can also be made into candy.
Mature ginger roots are fibrous and nearly dry. The juice from old ginger roots is extremely potent, and is often used as a spice in Indian recipes, and is a quintessential ingredient of Chinese, Japanese and many South Asian cuisines for flavoring dishes such as seafood or goat meat and vegetarian cuisine.
Ginger acts as a useful food preservative.
Fresh ginger can be substituted for ground ginger at a ratio of 6 to 1, although the flavors of fresh and dried ginger are somewhat different. Powdered dry ginger root is typically used as a flavoring for recipes such as gingerbread, cookies, crackers and cakes, ginger ale, and ginger beer.
Candied ginger is the root cooked in sugar until soft, and is a type of confectionery.
Fresh ginger may be peeled before eating. For longer-term storage, the ginger can be placed in a plastic bag and refrigerated or frozen.

Regional use
In India and Pakistan, ginger is called Adrak in Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu,Aad in Maithili, Aadi in Bhojpuri, Aada in Bengali, Adu in Gujarati, Hashi Shunti in the Kannada , Allam (అల్లం) in Telugu, Inji (இஞ்சி) in Tamil and Malayalam, Inguru (ඉඟුරු) in Sinhalese, Alay in Marathi, and Aduwa(अदुवा ) in Nepali. Fresh ginger is one of the main spices used for making pulse and lentil curries and other vegetable preparations. Fresh, as well as dried, ginger is used to spice tea and coffee, especially in winter. Ginger powder is also used in certain food preparations, particularly for pregnant or nursing women, the most popular one being Katlu which is a mixture of gum resin, ghee, nuts, and sugar. Ginger is also consumed in candied and pickled form.
In Bangladesh, ginger is called Aada (আদা) and is finely chopped or ground into a paste to use as a base for chicken and meat dishes alongside shallot and garlic.
In the Philippines, ginger is called luya and is used as "candy" when there is sore throat or hoarse voice.
In Burma, ginger is called gyin. It is widely used in cooking and as a main ingredient in traditional medicines. It is also consumed as a salad dish called gyin-thot, which consists of shredded ginger preserved in oil, and a variety of nuts and seeds.
In Indonesia, a beverage called wedang jahe is made from ginger and palm sugar. Indonesians also use ground ginger root, called jahe, as a common ingredient in local recipes.
In Nepal, ginger is called "aduwa", अदुवा and is widely grown and used throughout the country as a spice for vegetables, used medically to treat cold and also sometimes used to flavor tea.
In Vietnam, the fresh leaves, finely chopped, can also be added to shrimp-and-yam soup (canh khoai mỡ) as a top garnish and spice to add a much subtler flavor of ginger than the chopped root.
In China, sliced or whole ginger root is often paired with savory dishes such as fish, and chopped ginger root is commonly paired with meat, when it is cooked. However, candied ginger is sometimes a component of Chinese candy boxes, and a herbal tea can also be prepared from ginger.
In Japan, ginger is pickled to make beni shoga and gari or grated and used raw on tofu or noodles. It is also made into a candy called shoga no satozuke.
In the traditional Korean kimchi, ginger is finely minced and added to the ingredients of the spicy paste just before the fermenting process.
In Western cuisine, ginger is traditionally used mainly in sweet foods such as ginger ale, gingerbread, ginger snaps, parkin, ginger biscuits and speculaas. A ginger-flavored liqueur called Canton is produced in Jarnac, France. Green ginger wine is a ginger-flavored wine produced in the United Kingdom, traditionally sold in a green glass bottle. Ginger is also used as a spice added to hot coffee and tea.
In the Caribbean, ginger is a popular spice for cooking, and making drinks such as sorrel, a seasonal drink made during the Christmas season. Jamaicans make ginger beer both as a carbonated beverage and also fresh in their homes. Ginger tea is often made from fresh ginger, as well as the famous regional specialty Jamaican ginger cake.
On the island of Corfu, Greece, a traditional drink called τσιτσιμπύρα (tsitsibira), a type of ginger beer, is made. The people of Corfu and the rest of the Ionian islands adopted the drink from the British, during the period of the United States of the Ionian Islands.
In Arabic, ginger is called zanjabil, and in some parts of the Middle East, ginger powder is used as a spice for coffee and for milk, as well. In Somaliland, ginger is called sinjibil, and is served in coffee shops in Egypt.
In the Ivory Coast, ginger is ground and mixed with orange, pineapple and lemon to produce a juice called nyamanku.
Ginger powder is used in hawaij, a spice mixture used mostly by Yemenite Jews for soups and coffee.

Medicinal use
The medical form of ginger historically was called Jamaica ginger; it was classified as a stimulant and carminative and used frequently for dyspepsia, gastroparesis, slow motility symptoms, constipation, and colic. It was also frequently employed to disguise the taste of medicines. Ginger is on the FDA's "generally recognized as safe" list, though it does interact with some medications, including warfarin. Ginger is contraindicated in people suffering from gallstones as it promotes the production of bile. Ginger may also decrease pain from arthritis, though studies have been inconsistent, and may have blood thinning and cholesterol lowering properties that may make it useful for treating heart disease. An acute overdose of ginger is usually in excess of about 2,000 milligrams per kilogram, dependent on level of ginger tolerance, and can result in a state of central nervous system over-stimulation called ginger intoxication or colloquially the "ginger gitters".
Animal studies suggest that ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) reduces anxiety.
Advanced glycation end products are associated in the development of several pathophysiologies including diabetic cataract. Ginger was effective against the development of diabetic cataract in rats mainly through its antiglycating potential and to a lesser extent by inhibition of the polyol pathway. Ginger, may be explored for the prevention or delay of diabetic complications

Diarrhea
Ginger compounds are active against a form of diarrhea which is the leading cause of infant death in developing countries. Zingerone is likely to be the active constituent against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin-induced diarrhea.

Nausea
Ginger has been found effective in multiple studies for treating nausea caused by seasickness, morning sickness and chemotherapy,[18] though ginger was not found superior over a placebo for pre-emptively treating post-operative nausea. Ginger is a safe remedy for nausea relief during pregnancy. Ginger as a remedy for motion sickness is still a debated issue. The television program Mythbusters performed an experiment using one of their staff who suffered from severe motion sickness. The staff member was placed in a moving device which, without treatment, produced severe nausea. Multiple treatments were administered. None, with the exception of the ginger and the two most common drugs, were successful. The staff member preferred the ginger due to lack of side effects. Several studies over the last 20 years were inconclusive with some studies in favor of the herb and some not. A common thread in these studies is the lack of sufficient participants to yield statistical significance. Another issue is the lack of a known chemical pathway for the supposed relief.

Folk medicine
A variety of uses are suggested for ginger. Tea brewed from ginger is a folk remedy for colds. Three to four leaves of tulsi taken with a piece of ginger on an empty stomach is considered an effective cure for congestion, cough and cold. Ginger ale and ginger beer have been recommended as stomach settlers for generations in countries where the beverages are made, and ginger water was commonly used to avoid heat cramps in the United States. In China, "ginger eggs" (scrambled eggs with finely diced ginger root) is a common home remedy for coughing. The Chinese also make a kind of dried ginger candy that is fermented in plum juice and sugared, which is also commonly consumed to suppress coughing. Ginger has also been historically used to treat inflammation, which several scientific studies support, though one arthritis trial showed ginger to be no better than a placebo or ibuprofen for treatment of osteoarthritis. Research on rats suggests that ginger may be useful for treating diabetes.

Regional medicinal use
In the West, powdered dried ginger root is made into capsules and sold in pharmacies for medicinal use.
• In Burma, ginger and a local sweetener made from palm tree juice (htan nyat) are boiled together and taken to prevent the flu.
• In China, ginger is included in several traditional preparations. A drink made with sliced ginger cooked in water with brown sugar or a cola is used as a folk medicine for the common cold.
• In Congo, ginger is crushed and mixed with mango tree sap to make tangawisi juice, which is considered a panacea.
• In India, ginger is applied as a paste to the temples to relieve headache, and consumed when suffering from the common cold. Ginger with lemon and black salt is also used for nausea.
• In Indonesia, ginger ("jahe" in Indonesian) is used as a herbal preparation to reduce fatigue, reducing "winds" in the blood, prevent and cure rheumatism and control poor dietary habits.
• In the Philippines a traditional health drink called "salabat" is made for breakfast by boiling chopped ginger and adding sugar; it is considered good for a sore throat.
• In the United States, ginger is used to prevent motion and morning sickness. It is recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration and is sold as an unregulated dietary supplement.
• In Peru, ginger is sliced in hot water as an infusion for stomach aches as "infusión de Kión"

Reactions
Allergic reactions to ginger generally result in a rash, and although generally recognized as safe, ginger can cause heartburn, bloating, gas, belching and nausea, particularly if taken in powdered form. Unchewed fresh ginger may result in intestinal blockage, and individuals who have had ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease or blocked intestines may react badly to large quantities of fresh ginger. Ginger can also adversely affect individuals with gallstones. There are also suggestions that ginger may affect blood pressure, clotting, and heart rhythms.

Variety
Ginger elephant / rhino ginger

Ginger is the most preferred in the international market. The shape of the fat and it's not too spicy. Flesh is yellow to white rhizome.







Yellow ginger

Ginger is widely used as a spice in cooking, mainly for local consumption. The taste and aroma is sharp. Size rhizome is in yellow.









Red Ginger

Ginger of this type have a high volatile oil content and most spicy flavor, making it suitable for pharmaceutical and herbal ingredients. Rimpangnya smallest size in red. With higher fiber than regular ginger.

READ MORE - "Ginger" The Warm Herbal