Clean and Healthy Behavior, which became the basic needs of public health degrees, one of its aspects is "not a family member who smokes. "
A cigarette (French: "small cigar", from cigare + -ette) is a small roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smoulder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth and in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well. Most modern manufactured cigarettes are filtered and include reconstituted tobacco and other additives.
Each time you inhale cigarette smoke, whether intentionally or not, it means also suck more than 4,000 kinds of toxins! Therefore, smoking the same by including the toxins were into the oral cavity and lungs of course. Smoking harm the health, the fact is we can not deny. Many diseases have proven to be harmful effects of smoking, either directly or indirectly. The smoking habit is not only detrimental to the smoker, but also for those around.
Currently the number of smokers, especially adolescent smokers continue to grow, particularly in developing countries. This situation is a serious challenge for efforts to improve community health status. Even the world health organization (WHO) has warned that in the decade from 2020 to 2030 tobacco will kill 10 million people per year, 70% of them occur in developing countries.
Through resolution 1983, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set 31 May as World Tobacco Free Day every year.
Dangers of smoking to health body has been researched and proven by many people. Adverse effects of smoking was already known for certain. Many studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of various diseases. Such as heart disease and blood vessel disorders, lung cancer, oral cavity cancer, laryngeal cancer, osefagus cancer, bronchitis, high blood pressure, impotence, and pregnancy disorders and defects in the fetus.
Recent research also shows the dangers of secondhand-smoke, that cigarette smoke inhaled by people for non-smokers around smokers, or commonly referred to as passive smokers.
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE
Cigarettes must not be separated from raw materials of manufacture, namely tobacco. In Indonesia, tobacco plus clove and other ingredients are mixed to make clove cigarettes. Besides cigarettes, tobacco can also be used as hand-rolled cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars, tobacco pipes, and smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or chewing tobacco).
Gas component of cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide, ammonia, acid hidrosianat, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde. Particle form of tar, indole, nicotine, karbarzol, and cresol. These substances are toxic, irritating, and cause cancer (carcinogens).
Nicotine
Substances most frequently discussed and researched people, poison the body's nerves, increase blood pressure, cause constriction of peripheral blood vessels, and cause addiction and dependence on the wearer. Levels of 4-6 mg of nicotine inhaled by adults every day can make a person addicted. In the United States, white cigarettes on the market had higher levels of 8-10 mg of nicotine per stem, while in Indonesia, 17 mg nicotine yield per stem.
BLACK LEAD (Pb)
Lead generated by a cigarette of 0.5 ug. A packet of cigarettes (20 cigarettes contents) which sucked out in one day will generate 10 ug. While the danger threshold of lead that enters the body is 20 mcg per day. It is conceivable, when a heavy smoker smoked an average of 2 packs of cigarettes per day, how many of these harmful substances into the body!
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbon Monoxide has a strong tendency to bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells. Supposedly, this hemoglobin binds with oxygen which is essential for respiration of body cells, but because the CO gas is stronger than oxygen, the CO gas is captured place "in the" hemoglobin. Be, hemoglobin coupled with CO gas. CO gas levels in the blood of nonsmokers is less than 1 percent, while the blood of smokers to reach 4-15 percent. Many times over!
TAR
Tar is a collection of thousands of chemicals in the solid component of cigarette smoke, and is a carcinogen. At the time of cigarettes smoked, the tar into the oral cavity as a dense vapor. Once cool, it will become solid and form a brown precipitate on the surface of the teeth, respiratory tract, and lungs. Precipitation varies between 3-40 mg per cigarette, while the levels of tar in cigarettes range from 24-45 mg.
IMPACT OF THE LUNGS
Smoking can cause changes in the structure and function of airway and lung tissue. In large airways, mucous cells enlarge (hypertrophy) and mucus gland multiply (hyperplasia). In small airways, there was mild inflammation due to increased cell constriction and mucus buildup. In lung tissue, an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and damage to the alveoli.
Due to changes in the anatomy of the airways, in smokers there will be changes in lung function with all kinds of clinical symptoms. This became the main basis of the occurrence of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (PPOM). It says smoking is the leading cause of occurrence of PPOM, including pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma.
The relationship between smoking and lung cancer have been studied in 4-5 decades. Found a strong association between cigarette smoking, particularly cigarettes, with the incidence of lung cancer. Some even expressly stated that the cigarettes as the main cause of lung cancer.
Cigarette smoke particles, such as benzopiren, dibenzopiren, and urethane, known as a carcinogen. Tar is also associated with risk of cancer. Compared with nonsmokers, the possibility arises of lung cancer in smokers reach 10-30 times more frequently.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Smoking is proven to be the biggest risk factor for sudden death.
The risk of coronary heart disease increased by 2-4 times in smokers compared with nonsmokers. This risk increases with age and number of cigarettes smoked. Research shows that smoking risk factors work synergistically with other factors, such as hypertension, fat content or high blood sugar, against the outbreak of coronary heart disease.
Please note that the risk of death from coronary heart disease decreases by 50 percent in the first year after smoking was stopped. As a result of clotting (thrombosis) and calcification (atherosclerosis), blood vessel walls, smoking would obviously damage the blood vessels peripheral.
STROKE
Blockage of blood vessels of the brain that are sudden or stroke associated with smoking a lot. Risk of stroke and death risk higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers.
In a study conducted in the United States and Britain, found smoking habits increase the likelihood of the emergence of AIDS in people with HIV. In the group of smokers, AIDS arise on average in 8.17 months, whereas in the group of nonsmokers arise after 14.5 months. The decline in smokers become immune trigger more easily exposed to AIDS so that quitting smoking is important in defense measures against AIDS.
Now more and more studied and reported adverse effect of smoking on pregnant women, impotence, decreased immune individuals, including in people with viral hepatitis, gastrointestinal cancer, and others. From the point of health economics, the impact of diseases caused by smoking would certainly add to the cost, both for individuals, families, corporations, even countries.
Diseases caused by smoking affects the provision of manpower, especially skilled workers or executive staff, with sudden death or disability arising obvious cause big losses for the company. Decrease in labor productivity raises the company's earnings decline, also the economic burden is not small for individuals and families. Expenditures for health care costs increase, families, corporations, and government.
SMOKING HABIT
It's supposed efforts to stop smoking is the duty and responsibility of all levels of society. Business information and counseling, particularly among the younger generation, can also be associated with narcotics hazard mitigation efforts, the business school health, and public health education in general.
Community role model figures, including officials, religious leaders, teachers, health workers, artists, and sportsmen, it is fitting to set an example by not smoking. It should also limit the opportunity to smoke in public places, schools, public transport, and workplace; regulation and control of cigarette promotional advertising; put health warnings on cigarette packs and cigarette advertising.
Climate not smoking should be created. This should be implemented simultaneously by all of us, who wants the achievement of the Indonesian nation state and a healthy and prosperous.
GATE DRUG
Chronicles of the most serious result from the use of nicotine is addictive. Once a person becomes a smoker, it will be difficult to end the practice both physically and psychologically. Smoking becomes a compulsive habit, starting with the ceremonial lighting a cigarette and exhaled smoke is done repeatedly.
Because the addictive nature (making a person become addicted to) cigarette in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) are grouped into Nicotine Related Disorders. While the WHO classify it as a form of addiction. Pharmacologic and behavioral processes that determine tobacco addiction similar to the process that causes addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine.
Nicotine has a characteristic affect brain dopamine with the same process as these drugs. In order properties of psychoactive substance addiction, nicotine addiction is more cause than heroin, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine and marijuana. According to Flemming, Glyn and Ershler smoking is an early stage to become abusers of drugs (drug abuse). Try smoking is significantly open opportunities using illegal drugs in the future.
STOP SMOKING
Several reasons to stop smoking
1. Impotence
Smoking reduces the blood flow needed to achieve a state of erection. Because it tersebutlah cigarettes can affect penile erection days.
2. Facial wrinkles
Smoking can reduce the flow of oxygen and nutrients needed by your skin cells constrict blood vessels around the face. So that will cause wrinkles.
3. Stained teeth and bad breath.
Particles from cigarette smoke can give yellow to brown spots on your teeth, and this will also trap odor-producing bacteria in your mouth. Abnormalities of the gums and tooth loss are also more common in smokers.
4. You and around 'the smell.
Cigarette smoking has an unpleasant smell and stick to everything, from your skin and hair to clothes and items around you. And the smell is absolutely not an appetizing couples and friends.
5. Brittle bones
Numerous studies have found an association between smoking and osteoporosis in men and women. A study looked at cases of hip fracture in elderly women, and concluded that one of the 8 cases of fractures were caused by loss of bone mass caused by smoking.
6. Depression
Some scientists consider cigarettes contain substances that can cause an increase in mood. Substance is what usually implies reduced when a person suffers from depression. That is also the reason why people who are stressed or depressed tend to seek 'escape' to the cigarette.
7. A bad role model for children.
Every day, dliperkirakan 3000 children in the U.S. who become addicted to smoking cigarettes. If they keep smoking, 1,000 of them will surely die from diseases related to smoking.
8. Fire
if you're careless, when smoking fixation and throw cigarette butts are still burning to any place can cause a fire.
9. Poor blood circulation
Red blood cells have been designed by nature to carry oxygen throughout the body. In smokers, the oxygen molecule is replaced by a component of cigarette smoke, preventing the transport of oxygen is essential for cell life.
10. Impressed stupid
If smokers defend its dependence, there is one truth that they could not deny: Like the slogan says, smoking is a killer. so, if there are those who continue the habit, it would look stupid.
STOP SMOKING STRATEGY
Here are strategies you can use to quit smoking:
1. Plan a time to stop
Plan when you will quit smoking for good. The timing may be just the next few days or 2 weeks. By the day quit smoking, you reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
2. Drugs
Drugs to help reduce the symptoms of quitting smoking until the worst effects exceeded. You have a choice of either drugs or drug under a doctor's prescription over-the-counter (without prescription). Discuss these options with your doctor.
3. Help yourself
In planning and maintaining your desire to stop smoking, find information about smoking and disease caused by a variety of trusted sources like the American Cancer Society, American Lung Association, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the local sites such as Indonesia Cancer Foundation, Heart Foundation of Indonesia, the Committee National Smoking Control Problems. Help yourself with the information that convinced you to stay away from cigarettes after quitting smoking.
4. Support groups
Whether you meet online or a support group. Seek support from people who are also trying to quit smoking.
5. Counseling
Counselling is a meeting face to face with a trusted physician, psychologist, nurse or counselor. The forum will discuss what are the things that hinder you to stop smoking and ways to overcome them.
6. Cold turkey
It is a strategy to quit smoking immediately. If you choose cold turkey then you will experience symptoms of tobacco withdrawal symptoms, like all people who quit smoking as impatient (restlessness), increased appetite, irritability.
It is recommended that you seek help when you quit smoking, whether it be support or treatment.
7. Sports
Exercise will help you cope with stress and weight increase after you quit smoking.
8. Invite a Friend / Family
Ask a friend or family member who did not smoke to provide their time if you are experiencing difficult times.
9. Alternative Therapy
Some smokers try hypnosis or acupuncture methods to help them quit smoking, although not much is proven successful. However, if the method is to make you stop smoking, it means that matches your method.
To quit smoking, you need a personal approach. What works for others may not be successful in your
